A Description Of The Biology Of Bone - 5430 Words

4 Chapter 2 Background 2.1 Introduction Chapter 2 will describe the essential background information needed to understand this thesis project. A description of the biology of bone will be provided first and its focus will be limited to femurs and tibiae, since those are the structures we have used throughout this project. As well, we will briefly describe the analysis techniques that are currently used to evaluate bones. Furthermore the theory behind the used technique and instrumentation will be addressed. Previous bone studies using transcutaneous in vivo Raman spectroscopy will also be described, as well as the differences between them and the present thesis project. 2.2 Bone Structure and Composition Bones†¦show more content†¦12 Both the cortical and trabecular structures provide ions like calcium phosphate, phosphorous, sodium and magnesium that are basic to maintain the homeostasis of the bone. Figure 1. Hierarchical structure of bone. Cotical bone is made of osteons (10-500  µm). Osteons are composed of concentric lamella (3-7  µm) and a Haversian cannal. A lamella is composed of mineralized collagen fibers, which are made up of collagen fibrils (0.5  µm each). A fibril is made up of collagen molecules and apatite nano-crystals.11 The three major components of bone tissues are: type I collagen, water and dahllite crystals. 13 Dahllites are plate-shaped carbonated apatite crystals, which have â€Å"small but significant amounts of impurities such as HPO4, Na, Mg, citrate, carbonate, K†. 14,15 The apatite crystal lattice is then responsible for the degree of mineralization in bone tissue. Type I collagen is the primary matrix component and its molecules are secreted by Cortical bone Osteons Haversian canal Concentric lamella Mineralized collagen fibrils Collagen molecule Apatite nanocrystals 6 osteoblasts, these molecules will then arrange into collagen fibrils and subsequently to collagen fibers, which are the basis to lamellae. Type I collagen despite being the primary protein is not the only one present in bone tissue, which also contains non-collagenous proteins.Show MoreRelatedBiol101 Homework Assignment 2 Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesafter a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that this patient is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you are going to write for him or her a two-page discussion of stem cell information. 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